Millions of young Africans dream of playing professionally. Very few make it, but the ones who do usually follow a similar path. Here is a realistic guide for players and parents.

1. Play organised football early

Join a club, school team or community programme as early as possible. Regular matches against good opponents matter more than individual training. School competitions such as CAF's African Schools Championship are a good start.

2. Find a serious academy or club youth team

A good academy offers qualified coaches, medical care and education. Look for academies with a track record and transparent links to professional clubs; see Africa's famous academies. A legitimate academy does not charge large fees for "trials abroad".

3. Get registered and play in official competitions

Being registered with your national association, playing in its youth leagues and being selected for regional or youth national teams make you visible to scouts. In many countries, youth leagues for under-17 and under-20 players are relatively new, so take every opportunity.

4. Perform in your domestic league

Most professionals first make their name at home. A good season in a top domestic league, a strong showing in the CAF Champions League or Confederation Cup, or a call-up for the CHAN national team attracts attention from bigger clubs. Read about CHAN.

5. Move abroad at the right time

FIFA rules generally do not allow international transfers of players under 18, with narrow exceptions; see transfers of minors explained. Moving at 18 or later, often first to a league in North Africa, Europe's smaller leagues or the Middle East, can be a better step than jumping straight to a top league. Our pages on African transfers and African players by league show the most common routes.

6. Choose an agent carefully

Only work with FIFA-licensed football agents and never pay up-front fees for trials. Read how to spot fake agents.

7. Keep studying

Injuries and luck decide many careers. Education, coaching badges and refereeing qualifications keep doors open; see CAF coaching licences.