Why does Serge Gakpé play for Togo?

Birthplace and citizenship

Serge Gakpé was born in Bondy, France; holds France and Togo citizenship.

Being born in France normally gives a player the right to represent France too, if he holds that nationality. Representing Togo instead usually means a parent or grandparent was born there, or that the player lived there long enough to qualify through residency. Public records do not state which connection applied to Serge Gakpé, so we do not guess.

International career path

His international pathway, as recorded on Wikidata:

He only played youth football for France U16, France U17, France U18, France U19 and France U21. Youth caps do not tie a player to a country, so he was free to choose Togo for senior football.

• France U16 — under-16 level, 2002–2003 (9 matches, 0 goals)
• France U17 — under-17 level, 2003–2004 (3 matches, 1 goal)
• France U18 — under-18 level, 2004–2005 (10 matches, 0 goals)
• France U19 — under-19 level, 2005–2006 (8 matches, 0 goals)
• France U21 — under-21 level, 2007–2008 (6 matches, 1 goal)
• Togo — senior level, 2009–present

The rules in brief

A player can represent a country if they hold its nationality and have a genuine link to it: birth on its territory, a parent or grandparent born there, or several years of residency. Youth matches do not tie a player to a country. Since 2020, FIFA also lets a player switch once after a small number of senior appearances (no more than three, all before turning 21, none at a World Cup or continental finals) after a three-year wait.

Read our full guide to FIFA eligibility rules →